Debian之换源 介绍当前笔记支持 bullseye（11）, bookworm（12） 版本换源， 其他暂未收集换源位置打开 /etc/apt/sources.list 文件， 替换其中内容， 建议先备份阿里云 Debian 镜像源：# debian 11 deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib # debian 12 deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib 腾讯 Debian 镜像源：# debian 11 deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib deb-src https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main deb-src https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib deb-src https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib deb-src https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib # debian 12 deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib deb-src https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main deb-src https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib deb-src https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib deb-src https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib 北京清华大学 Debian 镜像源：# debian 11 deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib non-free deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib non-free # debian 12 deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware 中国科学技术大学 Debian 镜像源：# debian 11 deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian bullseye main contrib non-free deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian bullseye main contrib non-free deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian bullseye-updates main contrib non-free deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian bullseye-updates main contrib non-free deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian bullseye-proposed-updates main contrib non-free deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian bullseye-proposed-updates main contrib non-free # debian 12 deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware 上海交通大学 Debian 镜像源：# debian 11 deb http://mirrors.sjtu.edu.cn/debian bullseye main contrib non-free deb-src http://mirrors.sjtu.edu.cn/debian bullseye main contrib non-free deb http://mirrors.sjtu.edu.cn/debian bullseye-updates main contrib non-free deb-src http://mirrors.sjtu.edu.cn/debian bullseye-updates main contrib non-free deb http://mirrors.sjtu.edu.cn/debian bullseye-proposed-updates main contrib non-free deb-src http://mirrors.sjtu.edu.cn/debian bullseye-proposed-updates main contrib non-free由北京外国语大学 Debian 镜像源：# debian 11 deb https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free deb-src https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free deb https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free deb-src https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free deb https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free deb-src https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free deb https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib non-free deb-src https://mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib non-free华为 Debian 镜像源：# debian 11 deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib # debian 12 deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib 网易 Debian 镜像源：# debian 11 deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib # debian 12 deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib

Debian之网络配置 网络配置安装debian server 版本后配置IP操作：IP设置 通过 编辑 /etc/network/interfaces 文件, 执行 service networking restart 生效设置静态IP# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5). source /etc/network/interfaces.d/* # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface auto ens33 allow-hotplug ens33 iface ens33 inet static address 192.168.1.81 netmask 255.255.255.0 gateway 192.168.1.1 # This is an autoconfigured IPv6 interface iface ens33 inet6 auto设置动态IP# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system # and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5). source /etc/network/interfaces.d/* # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface auto ens33 allow-hotplug ens33 iface ens33 inet dhcp # This is an autoconfigured IPv6 interface iface ens33 inet6 auto

Ubuntu输入法安装 安装搜狗输入法添加中文语言支持Settings --> Region & Language --> Manage Installed Languages安装 fcitx 输入法框架 sudo apt update sudo apt install fcitx 设置fcitx为系统输入法Settings --> Region & Language --> Manage Installed Languages, 选择 fcitx设置fcitx开机启动sudo cp /usr/share/applications/fcitx.desktop /etc/xdg/autostart/安装搜狗输入法dpkg -i sogoupinyin_4.0.1.2800_x86_64.deb # 如果有报错，可以运行如下命令： sudo apt install -f # 重启电脑, 右上角的键盘图标，即可调出搜狗输入法, 配置输入法 #注意: 安装完毕后，还需要再安装一些搜狗输入法的依赖： sudo apt install libqt5qml5 libqt5quick5 libqt5quickwidgets5 qml-module-qtquick2 sudo apt install libgsettings-qt1 # 以下指令查看搜狗运行错误, 安装依赖包, 缺什么装什么 cd /var/log tail -f syslog |grep sogou

虚拟机安装OpenEuler-欧拉操作系统 前言平时使用Ubuntu和debian较多， 闲来无事安装 OpenEuler 试试准备工具：VMware WorkstationopenEuler系统镜像开始创建虚拟机此处省略虚拟机创建过程， 日后补充启动虚拟机vmware 中配置好后 启动虚拟机， 选择第一个安装选择语言安装配置，配置安装目的地, 配置软件选择 , 配置网络主机名 , 配置时区 , 用户设置安装位置（分区）：默认自动分区，选择待安装操作系统的硬盘后勾选“Custom”，单击“Done”进入分区界面配置分区软件选择用户设置：启用root, 创建管理员用户开始安装安装过程重启完成安装安装 xfce系统更新 sudo dnf update 安装操作## 安装字库 sudo dnf install dejavu-fonts liberation-fonts gnu-*-fonts google-*-fonts ## 安装Xorg sudo dnf install xorg-* ## 安装XFCE及组件 sudo dnf install xfwm4 xfdesktop xfce4-* xfce4-*-plugin network-manager-applet ## 安装登录管理器 sudo dnf install lightdm lightdm-gtk ## 设置默认桌面为XFCE 通过root权限用户设置 echo 'user-session=xfce' >> /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/60-lightdm-gtk-greeter.conf ## 使用登录管理器登录XFCE sudo systemctl start lightdm ## 设置开启自启 sudo systemctl enable lightdm sudo systemctl set-default graphical.target ## 如果默认安装了gdm建议停用gdm systemctl disable gdm配置网络[openEuler配置网络](https://docs.openeuler.org/zh/docs/22.03_LTS_SP3/docs/Administration/%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C.html)配置IP使用nmcli命令说明：使用nmcli命令配置的网络配置可以立即生效且系统重启后配置也不会丢失。nmcli介绍nmcli是NetworkManager的一个命令行工具，它提供了使用命令行配置由NetworkManager管理网络连接的方法。nmcli命令的基本格式为： nmcli [OPTIONS] OBJECT { COMMAND | help }其中，OBJECT选项可以是general、networking、radio、connection或device等。在日常使用中，最常使用的是-t, --terse（用于脚本）、-p, --pretty选项（用于用户）及-h, --help选项，用户可以使用“nmcli help” 获取更多参数及使用信息。nmcli help常用命令使用举例如下： ## 显示NetworkManager状态： nmcli general status ## 显示所有连接： nmcli connection show ## 只显示当前活动连接，如下所示添加 -a, --active： nmcli connection show --active ## 显示由NetworkManager识别到的设备及其状态： nmcli device status ## 使用nmcli工具启动和停止网络接口，在root权限下执行如下命令： nmcli connection up id enp3s0 nmcli device disconnect enp3s0 配置动态IP# nmcli connection add type ethernet con-name connection-name ifname interface-name nmcli connection add type ethernet con-name ens33dhcp ifname ens33配置静态IP连接# 配置静态IP # nmcli connection add type ethernet con-name connection-name ifname interface-name ip4 address gw4 address # 例如创建名为 net-static的静态连接配置文件，在root权限下使用以下命令 nmcli con add type ethernet con-name ens33static ifname ens33 ip4 192.168.1.89/24 gw4 192.168.1.1 # 还可为该设备同时指定 IPv6 地址和网关 # nmcli con add type ethernet con-name ens33static ifname ens33 ip4 192.168.0.10/24 gw4 192.168.0.254 ip6 abbe::**** gw6 2001:***::* # 设定两个 IPv4 DNS 服务器地址 nmcli con mod ens33static ipv4.dns "192.168.1.1 223.5.5.5" # 设置两个 IPv6 DNS 服务器地址 # nmcli con mod ens33static ipv6.dns "2001:4860:4860::**** 2001:4860:4860::****" ## 激活连接并检查状态 nmcli con up ens33static ifname ens33 ## 重启网卡 systemctl restart NetworkManager

rsync文件同步 前言2台主机间文件同步需求介绍rsync 是一种高效的文件同步工具，广泛用于 Linux 系统中。它可以在本地计算机与远程计算机之间，或者两个本地目录之间同步文件。rsync 的一个显著特点是它仅传输变化的文件部分，这种增量备份方式大大提高了数据传输的效率# 安装 sudo apt update sudo apt install rsync # 运行 rsync -avz --progress --delete 用户名@远程服务器地址:/远程/路径/ /本地/路径/ # 直接运行， 输入yes, 输入远程主机密码即可 rsync -avz --progress --delete aqhby@192.168.0.106:/opt/1panel/apps/gogs/gogs/data/git/gogs-repositories/ /opt/1panel/apps/gogs/gogs/data/git/gogs-repositories/ -a：归档模式（archive）递归复制目录及其子目录。保留文件的所有属性（如权限、时间戳、所有者等）。等价于 -rlptgoD（递归、链接、权限、时间、组、所有者、设备文件）。-v：详细模式（verbose）显示同步过程的详细信息，包括复制的文件名、进度等。-z：压缩传输（compress）在传输过程中对文件进行压缩，减少网络传输量，适合远程同步。--progress：显示进度实时显示每个文件的传输进度（已传输字节、速度、完成百分比）。--delete：删除目标多余文件使目标目录与源目录完全一致，删除目标中不存在于源的文件。注意：此参数需谨慎使用，可能导致数据丢失！免密同步配置为了实现免密传输，可以通过生成和配置 SSH 密钥来避免每次同步时输入密码如果想要rsync免密同步 则需要进行 rsync 配置原理:client (你面前的机器) 有私钥 .ssh/id_rsaserver(被连的机器) 的~/.ssh/[authorized_keys] 存着本机的公钥(最先在本机上存在于.ssh/id_rsa.pub), 就可以免密登陆根据这个原理, 手动复制粘贴就行. 下面是用命令减少手工劳动的办法:首先，在本地主机上生成 SSH 密钥。使用以下命令：# 这条命令将会生成一个 RSA 类型的 2048 位的密钥对。你可以根据需要选择其他类型和位数 ssh-keygen -t rsa -b 2048 # 或者 ssh-keygen # 遇到 Enter passphrase 时； 不要输入。如果输入， 连接时会被要求 密钥密码 输入密码复制本地 .ssh/id_rsa.pub 内容， 粘贴在 server .ssh/authorized_keys 文件中； 注意！！！ 一条记录只占一行 将公钥复制到远程主机 将生成的公钥复制到远程主机上，可以使用 ssh-copy-id 命令：# 用户名@远程主机 ssh-copy-id aqhby@192.168.1.106也可以手动复制再次运行， 则不再提示输入密码rsync -avz --progress --delete aqhby@192.168.0.106:/opt/1panel/apps/gogs/gogs/data/git/gogs-repositories/ /opt/1panel/apps/gogs/gogs/data/git/gogs-repositories/